4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 22 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara Cty..
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara Cty. Anchor | green | “express assurance that a program is only temporary may be necessary if the program actually sets aside positions according to specific numbers.” | 8 |
| 2 | United Steelworkers of America v. Weber | green | “it is a 'familiar rule that a thing may be within the letter of the statute and yet not within the statute, because not within its spirit nor within the intention of its makers.” | 6 |
| 3 | Johnson v. Transportation Agency, Santa Clara Cty. | green | “the existence of an affirmative action plan provides such a rationale.” | 5 |
| 4 | United States v. Board of Educ. of Tp. of Piscataway | green | “the board does not even attempt to show that its affirmative action plan was adopted to remedy past discrimination or as the result of a manifest imbalance in the employment of minorities,” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.