6 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 152 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Dustin Burnikel v. Michael Fong.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dustin Burnikel v. Michael Fong Anchor | green | “the severity of the crime at issue, whether the suspect poses an immediate threat to the safety of the officers or others, and whether he is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight.” | 34 |
| 2 | Ellison Ex Rel. Estate of Ellison v. Lesher | green | “objectively reasonable in light of the facts and circumstances confronting them, without regard to their underlying intent or motivation.” | 32 |
| 3 | Thompson v. City of Monticello, Ark. | green | “the fourth amendment protects citizens from being seized through excessive force by law enforcement officers.” | 30 |
| 4 | Margaret Andrews v. Robert Fuoss, Individually and in His Capacity as Sheriff of Jones County, South Dakota | green | “the right to be free from excessive force is included under the fourth amendment's prohibition against unreasonable seizures of the person” | 28 |
| 5 | Robert Wilson v. David Spain, Mike Jones | green | “the fourth amendment's prohibition against unreasonable seizures of the person applies to excessive-force claims that arise in the context of an arrest or investigatory stop of a free citizen” | 23 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.