7 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 22 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Hardy v. United States.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hardy v. United States Anchor | green | “statements which are obtained by coercion or threat or promise will be subject to objection.” | 4 |
| 2 | Hardy v. United States | green | “the constitutional inquiry is not whether the conduct of state officers in obtaining the confession was shocking, but whether the confession was 'free and voluntary . . . .” | 3 |
| 3 | People v. Rivas | green | “practices identified as the functional equivalents of interrogation generally employ compelling influences or psychological ploys in tandem with police custody to obtain confessions.” | 3 |
| 4 | Commonwealth v. Larkin | green | “including 'psychological ploys' likely to elicit an incriminating response” | 3 |
| 5 | People v. White | green | “it is difficult to conceive of another reason” | 3 |
| 6 | People v. White | green | “did not provide defendant with information about the charges against him, about inculpatory evidence the police possessed, or about witness statements.” | 3 |
| 7 | People v. White | green | “even under a de novo review of the evidence, . . . we conclude, as did the trial court, that no express questioning occurred.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.