7 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 21 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Timothy Jansen, Cross-Appellants v. City of Cincinnati v. Tilford Youngblood, Prospective Intervenors, Cross-Appellees.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Timothy Jansen, Cross-Appellants v. City of Cincinnati v. Tilford Youngblood, Prospective Intervenors, Cross-Appellees Anchor | green | “nor have the proposed intervenors shown that they have a separate defense of the affirmative action plan that the state has failed to assert.” | 3 |
| 2 | Maryland Troopers Association, Inc. v. Evans | green | “rather, it is the very enormity of that tragedy that lends resolve to the desire to never repeat it, and find a legal order in which distinctions based on race shall have no place.” | 3 |
| 3 | Podberesky v. Kirwan | green | “is tied solely to knowledge of the university's discrimination before it admitted african-american students.” | 3 |
| 4 | Podberesky v. Kirwan | green | “the atmosphere on campus was perceived as being hostile to african-american students.” | 3 |
| 5 | Hopwood v. State of Tex. | green | “were the court to limit its review to the university of texas, the court would still find a 'strong evidentiary basis for concluding that remedial action is necessary.” | 3 |
| 6 | Hopwood v. State of Tex. | green | “administrative admissions group” | 3 |
| 7 | Hopwood v. State of Tex. | green | “against this historical backdrop including texas's dealing with the ocr, the law school's commitment to affirmative action in the admissions process evolved.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.