5 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 21 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Reigert v. Commonwealth.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Reigert v. Commonwealth Anchor | green | “(1) an intent to defraud; (2) an actual fraud; (3) use of false pretenses for the purpose of perpetrating the fraud; and (4) accomplishment of the fraud by means of the false pretenses used for the purpose, that is, the false pretenses to some degree must have induced the owner …” | 7 |
| 2 | Francis Anyokorit Masika v. Commonwealth of Virginia | green | “legal impossibility occurs when a defendant's actions would not constitute a crime, even if they were carried out fully and exactly as he intended.” | 5 |
| 3 | Bourgeois v. Commonwealth | green | “false representations amounting to mere promises or statements of intention have reference to future events and are not criminal within the statute, even though they induce the party defrauded to part with his property.” | 3 |
| 4 | Bray v. Commonwealth | green | “to 'deceive another person, and to induce such other person, in reliance upon such deception, to assume, create, transfer, alter, or terminate a right, obligation or power with reference to property.” | 3 |
| 5 | Reigert v. Commonwealth | green | “false pretenses for the purpose of perpetrating the fraud” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.