5 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 21 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Fraser v. United States.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fraser v. United States Anchor | green | “absent a special relationship of custody or control, there is no duty to protect a third person from the conduct of another.” | 5 |
| 2 | Zamstein v. Marvasti | green | “the legislature has expressed the strong public policy of encouraging medical professionals and other persons to report actual and suspected child abuse to the appropriate authorities and agencies.” | 5 |
| 3 | Lukos v. Bettencourt | neutral | “a psychiatrist has a duty to speak where harm to identifiable victims is a foreseeable consequence of his silence.” | 4 |
| 4 | Fraser v. United States | green | “outpatients with no history of dangerous conduct or articulated threats of dangerous behavior.” | 4 |
| 5 | Jacoby v. Brinckerhoff | green | “when it is foreseeable that marital differences may become a subject for therapeutic analysis, sound public policy counsels that a psychiatrist's treatment of a troubled spouse should not be burdened by accountability to the other spouse.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.