7 canonical passages across 7 cases, quoted by 21 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Lambert v. Kazinetz.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lambert v. Kazinetz Anchor | green | “the threshold test is whether the complaint places the defendant on sufficient notice of the misrepresentation, allowing the defendant to answer, addressing in an informed way plaintiffs claim of fraud.” | 3 |
| 2 | Ferron v. METAREWARD, INC. | green | “rule 9(b) may be relaxed when there has been a lack of discovery and the information needed for a plaintiff to achieve particularity is held exclusively by the opposing party.” | 3 |
| 3 | Clark v. Walt Disney Co. | green | “an analysis appropriate for a determination of liability under section 43(a) of the lanham act is also appropriate for determining liability under the ohio deceptive trade practices act.” | 3 |
| 4 | Simmons v. Cook | green | “corporate officers are liable if they personally take part in the infringing activity or direct others to do so.” | 3 |
| 5 | Kehoe Component Sales Inc. v. Best Lighting Products, Inc. | green | “does not encompass misrepresentations about the source of the ideas embodied in the object (such as false designation of authorship)” | 3 |
| 6 | Leal v. Holtvogt | green | “the representation does not appear unreasonable on its face, and if, under the circumstances, the plaintiff had no reason to doubt the veracity of the representation.” | 3 |
| 7 | In re Everyware Global, Inc. Securities Litigation | green | “reflects the rulemakers' additional understanding that, in cases involving fraud and mistake, a more specific form of notice is necessary to permit a defendant to draft a responsive pleading.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.