7 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 21 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Ramsey v. National Ass'n of Music Merchants, Inc..
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ramsey v. National Ass'n of Music Merchants, Inc. Anchor | green | “infer 11 the alleged agreement's existence.” | 3 |
| 2 | Ninth Inning, Inc. v. Directv, LLC | green | “determine whether a particular restraint of trade is unreasonable and thus a 10 violation of section 1 under the so-called 'rule of reason.” | 3 |
| 3 | Ninth Inning, Inc. v. Directv, LLC | green | “section 1 ... has been interpreted as outlawing only unreasonable restraints of trade.” | 3 |
| 4 | City of Oakland v. Oakland Raiders | green | “did not pay any price that is alleged to 8 have been inflated by the claimed conspiracy,” | 3 |
| 5 | The pls.com, LLC v. Nar | green | “a plaintiff can establish a substantial anticompetitive effect for purposes of the first 6 step of the rule of reason analysis either directly or indirectly.” | 3 |
| 6 | Epic Games, Inc. v. Apple, Inc. | green | “a plaintiff is not 11 required to define a particular market ... for a rule of reason claim based on evidence of the actual 12 anticompetitive impact of a ... horizontal restraint.” | 3 |
| 7 | Epic Games, Inc. v. Apple, Inc. | green | “could substantially constrain the price-increasing 17 ability of the monopolist or hypothetical cartel ... must be included in the market.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.