7 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 21 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Wendy Moore.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Wendy Moore Anchor | green | “defendant is actually convicted of a crime other than that charged in the indictment.” | 3 |
| 2 | United States v. Wendy Moore | green | “when a constructive amendment claim rests on allegedly erroneous jury instructions, a reviewing court is to consider the totality of the circumstances.” | 3 |
| 3 | United States v. Monclaire Saint Louis | green | “only when the evidence weighs heavily against the verdict.” | 3 |
| 4 | United States v. Omar Banks | green | “broadens the bases of conviction beyond those charged in the indictment, a constructive amendment-sometimes referred to as a fatal variance-occurs.” | 3 |
| 5 | United States v. Omar Banks | green | “in the fourth circuit, alleged constructive amendments not objected to below are subject to plain error review” | 3 |
| 6 | United States v. Bijan Rafiekian | green | “exercised its discretion in an arbitrary or capricious manner.” | 3 |
| 7 | United States v. Rose-Marie Nsahlai | green | “when considering jury instruction challenges, 'we do not view a single instruction in isolation,' but must assess the 'allegedly erroneous instruction in its full context,” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.