2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 20 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Commonwealth v. Bedell.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Commonwealth v. Bedell Anchor | green | “it is presumed that he was aware of what he was doing, and the burden of proving involuntariness is upon him.” | 13 |
| 2 | Commonwealth v. Lewis | green | “affirmatively demonstrate the defendant understood what the plea connoted and its consequences.” | 7 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.