6 canonical passages across 6 cases, quoted by 18 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Randy Lynn Terry.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Randy Lynn Terry Anchor | green | “independent actors who merely happen to be investigating the same subject.” | 3 |
| 2 | United States v. Raphael Patton | green | “specific and recent indicia of violence, including gun-related violence” | 3 |
| 3 | United States v. Whitfield | green | “it would make little sense to decline to apply the collective knowledge doctrine in a fast-paced, dynamic situation such as we have before us, in which the officers worked together as a unified and tight-knit team; indeed, it would be impractical to expect an officer in such a s…” | 3 |
| 4 | United States v. Mark Stubblefield | green | “struck an explicit contrast between a person's 'right to ignore the police and go about his business' and 'unprovoked flight upon noticing the police.” | 3 |
| 5 | United States v. Gerry Burnett | green | “refer to the federal agents and the maryland police collectively as the 'officers.” | 3 |
| 6 | United States v. Jose Pacheco | green | “time of day is relevant without being independently dispositive” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.