3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 18 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Frank Teesdale v. City of Chicago.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Frank Teesdale v. City of Chicago Anchor | green | “to establish municipal liability, a plaintiff must show the existence of an 'official policy' or other governmental custom that not only causes but is the 'moving force' behind the deprivation of constitutional rights.” | 8 |
| 2 | Frank Teesdale v. City of Chicago | green | “the existence of an 'official policy' or other governmental custom that not only causes but is the 'moving force' behind the deprivation of constitutional rights.” | 5 |
| 3 | Patrick Hahn v. Daniel Walsh | green | “the plaintiff . . . must establish a causal link between the corporation's policy (or lack of policy) and the plaintiff's injury.” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.