5 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 17 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Cicippio-Puleo v. Islamic Republic of Iran.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cicippio-Puleo v. Islamic Republic of Iran Anchor | red | “create a private right of action against a foreign government.” | 5 |
| 2 | Pugh v. SOCIALIST PEOPLE'S LIBRYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA | green | “courts in this circuit have awarded prejudgment interest in cases where plaintiffs were delayed in recovering compensation for their injuries - including, specifically, where such injuries were the result of targeted attacks perpetrated by foreign defendants.” | 3 |
| 3 | Gates v. Syrian Arab Republic | green | “by providing for a private right of action and by precisely enumerating the types of damages recoverable, congress has eliminated the inconsistencies that arise in these cases when they are decided under state law.” | 3 |
| 4 | Haim v. Islamic Republic of Iran | green | “under theories of vicarious liability, such as conspiracy, aiding and abetting and inducement.” | 3 |
| 5 | Valore v. Islamic Republic of Iran | green | “material support and resources to hezbollah” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.