5 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 634 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Estelle v. Gamble.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Estelle v. Gamble Anchor | green | “deliberate indifference to serious medical needs.” | 300 |
| 2 | Toguchi v. Soon Hwang Chung | green | “subjective knowledge and conscious disregard of a substantial risk of serious injury,” | 87 |
| 3 | Norsworthy v. Beard | green | “even though they knew the plaintiff's preferred treatment to be medically necessary based on the plaintiff's records and prevailing medical standards.” | 83 |
| 4 | Roberts v. Spalding | green | “a prison inmate has no independent constitutional right to outside medical care additional and supplemental to the medical care provided by the prison staff within the institution.” | 82 |
| 5 | Eric Sanchez v. Duane R. Vild | green | “to prevail on a claim involving choices between alternative courses of treatment, a prisoner must show that the chosen course of treatment 'was medically unacceptable under the circumstances,' and was chosen 'in conscious disregard of an excessive risk' to the prisoner's health.” | 82 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.