4 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 17 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Unum Life Insurance Co. of America v. Edwards.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Unum Life Insurance Co. of America v. Edwards Anchor | green | “the standard for establishing a claim for bad faith is rigorous and difficult to satisfy.” | 6 |
| 2 | Unum Life Insurance Co. of America v. Edwards | green | “carried out with a state of mind characterized by hatred, ill will, or a spirit of revenge.” | 4 |
| 3 | Unum Life Insurance Co. of America v. Edwards | green | “dishonest, malicious, or oppressive conduct carried out with a state of mind characterized by hatred, ill will, or a spirit of revenge.” | 4 |
| 4 | Selmon v. Metropolitan Life Insurance | green | “the tort of bad faith does not arise from a mere denial of a claim; there must be affirmative misconduct.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.