3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 17 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Collier v. Zambito.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Collier v. Zambito Anchor | green | “vicious propensities include the 'propensity to do any act that might endanger the safety of the persons and property of others in a given situation” | 8 |
| 2 | Ioveno Ex Rel. Ioveno v. Schwartz | green | “evidence tending to demonstrate a dog's vicious propensities includes evidence of a prior attack, the dog's tendency to growl or snap or bare its teeth, the manner in which the dog was restrained, the fact that the dog was kept as a guard dog, and a proclivity to act in a way th…” | 6 |
| 3 | Ioveno Ex Rel. Ioveno v. Schwartz | green | “the sole means of recovery of damages for injuries caused by a dog bite or attack is upon a theory of strict liability, whereby 'a plaintiff must establish that the dog had vicious propensities and that the owner knew or should have known of the dog's vicious propensities” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.