4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 124 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from David Adams v. Nathan A. Rice Gary T. Dixon Hazel W. Keith.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | David Adams v. Nathan A. Rice Gary T. Dixon Hazel W. Keith Anchor | green | “every act of discipline by prison officials is by definition 'retaliatory' in the sense that it responds directly to prisoner misconduct.” | 51 |
| 2 | Anthony Martin v. Susan Duffy | green | “(1) he engaged in protected first amendment activity, (2) the defendant took some action that adversely affected his first amendment rights, and (3) there was a causal relationship between his protected activity and the defendant's conduct.” | 38 |
| 3 | Suarez Corporation Industries v. Darrell V. Mcgraw, Jr. | green | “includes not only the affirmative right to speak, but also the right to be free from retaliation by a public official for exercising that right.” | 27 |
| 4 | Anthony Martin v. Susan Duffy | green | “to state a colorable first amendment retaliation claim, a plaintiff must allege that (1) he engaged in protected first amendment activity, (2) the defendant took some action that adversely affected his first amendment rights, and (3) there was a causal relationship between his p…” | 8 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.