5 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 99 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Lance Wood v. Keith Yordy.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lance Wood v. Keith Yordy Anchor | green | “we have repeatedly held that mere speculation that defendants acted out of retaliation is not sufficient.” | 29 |
| 2 | Morris v. Powell | green | “the standard achieves the proper balance between the need to recognize valid retaliation claims and the danger of federal courts embroiling themselves in every disciplinary act that occurs in state penal institutions.” | 21 |
| 3 | Whitley v. Albers | green | “after incarceration, only the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain constitutes cruel and unusual punishment forbidden by the eighth amendment.” | 21 |
| 4 | Wolff v. McDonnell | green | “consideration of what procedures due process may require under any given set of circumstances must begin with a determination of the precise nature of the government function involved as well as of the private interest that has been affected by governmental action.” | 18 |
| 5 | Lance Wood v. Keith Yordy | green | “ere speculation that defendants acted out of retaliation is not sufficient.” | 10 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.