3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 120 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Arizona v. Fulminante.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Arizona v. Fulminante Anchor | green | “defect affecting the framework within which the trial proceeds, rather than simply an error in the trial process itself.” | 51 |
| 2 | Neder v. United States | green | “an instruction that omits an element of the offense does not necessarily render a criminal trial fundamentally unfair or an unreliable vehicle for determining guilt or innocence.” | 42 |
| 3 | Arizona v. Fulminante | green | “without these basic protections, a criminal trial cannot reliably serve its function as a vehicle for determination of guilt or innocence, and no criminal punishment may be regarded as fundamentally fair.” | 27 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.