4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 16 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from People of Michigan v. William Lawrence Rucker.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | People of Michigan v. William Lawrence Rucker Anchor | green | “definite and firm conviction that the trial court made a mistake.” | 5 |
| 2 | People v. Daoud | green | “in contrast to the voluntary prong, determining whether a suspect's waiver was knowing and intelligent requires an inquiry into the suspect's level of understanding, irrespective of police behavior.” | 4 |
| 3 | People of Michigan v. William Lawrence Rucker | green | “a trial court's factual finding is clearly erroneous if the reviewing court is left with a definite and firm conviction that the trial court made a mistake.” | 4 |
| 4 | People v. Cheatham | green | “to establish a valid waiver, the state must present evidence sufficient to demonstrate that the accused understood that he did not have to speak, that he had the right to the presence of counsel, and that the state could use what he said in a later trial against him.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.