5 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 98 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Kevin Ward v. Bradley Smith.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kevin Ward v. Bradley Smith Anchor | green | “because the use of force is sometimes required in prison settings, guards are liable only if they are completely unjustified in using force, i.e., they are using it maliciously and sadistically” | 30 |
| 2 | Roy Burns v. Edward Eaton | green | “after incarceration, only the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain constitutes cruel and unusual punishment forbidden by the eighth amendment” | 27 |
| 3 | Hudson v. McMillian | red | “after incarceration, only the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain constitutes cruel and unusual punishment forbidden by the eighth amendment” | 24 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.