2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 14 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from McGovern v. City of Philadelphia.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | McGovern v. City of Philadelphia Anchor | green | “the exclusive remedy for violations of 1981 by state actors” | 7 |
| 2 | Stacey Goodall-Gaillard v. New Jersey Department of Corr | green | “as the district court properly noted, 1981 does not provide a private right of action against state actors.” | 7 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.