4 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 13 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Andrew Jackson Smith, Isaac Hicks, Samuel Smith, James Sawyer.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Andrew Jackson Smith, Isaac Hicks, Samuel Smith, James Sawyer Anchor | green | “including the document's own distinctive characteristics and the circumstances surrounding its discovery.” | 4 |
| 2 | United States v. Mueller | green | “when doing so is necessary to achieve justice and may be done consistent with the defendant's constitutional rights.” | 3 |
| 3 | United States v. Andrew Jackson Smith, Isaac Hicks, Samuel Smith, James Sawyer | green | “the government may authenticate a document solely through the use of circumstantial evidence, including the document's own distinctive characteristics and the circumstances surrounding its discovery” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.