3 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 13 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Riggins v. Goodman.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Riggins v. Goodman Anchor | green | “the burden shifts to the plaintiff, who must demonstrate on the facts alleged that (1) the defendant's actions violated his or her constitutional or statutory rights, and (2) the right was clearly established at the time of the alleged misconduct.” | 5 |
| 2 | Gutteridge v. State of Oklahoma | green | “traditional burden of the movant for summary judgment” | 5 |
| 3 | Estate of Joseph Valverde v. Dodge | green | “the issue is whether an officer reasonably believed they faced a threat of serious physical harm.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.