7 canonical passages across 6 cases, quoted by 104 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Curtis Sherrod v. Dr. Arthur Johnson.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Curtis Sherrod v. Dr. Arthur Johnson Anchor | green | “qualified immunity offers complete protection for individual public officials performing discretionary functions 'insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.” | 35 |
| 2 | Colin A. Edwards v. Bryan C. Shanley | green | “once discretionary authority is established, the burden then shifts to the plaintiff to show that qualified immunity should not apply.” | 26 |
| 3 | Lewis v. City of West Palm Beach, Fla. | green | “the right violated was 'clearly established' at the time of the violation.” | 12 |
| 4 | Lewis v. City of West Palm Beach, Fla. | green | “once discretionary authority is established, the burden then shifts to the plaintiff to show that qualified immunity should not apply.” | 11 |
| 5 | The Estate of Marquette F. Cummings Jr. v. Warden Carter Davenport | green | “although qualified immunity provides government officials with a formidable shield, their entitlement to raise that shield is not automatic ... the official bears the initial burden of raising the defense of qualified immunity by proving that he was acting within his authority.” | 10 |
| 6 | Juan Antonio Moreno v. George N. Turner | green | “(1) the defendant violated a constitutional right, and (2) the right was clearly established at the time of the alleged violation.” | 6 |
| 7 | Lenz v. Winburn | green | “(1) undertaken pursuant to the performance of an officer's duties and (2) within the scope of the officer's authority.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.