2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 13 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Vaughan.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Vaughan Anchor | green | “requires 'fair notice' that an act is forbidden and subject to criminal sanction” | 8 |
| 2 | United States v. Bivins | green | “also requires fair notice as to the standard applicable to the forbidden conduct.” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.