3 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 12 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States Court of Appeals, Third Circuit Anchor | green | “distinctly put in issue' and 'directly determined' adversely to the party against which the estoppel is asserted.” | 4 |
| 2 | Melikian v. Corradetti | green | “precludes the relitigation of an issue that has been put in issue and directly determined adversely to the party against whom the estoppel is asserted.” | 4 |
| 3 | Rider v. Commonwealth Of Pennsylvania | green | “embodies the principle that 'later courts should honor the first actual decision of a matter that has actually been heard and litigated.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.