7 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 101 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Vivian J. Smart v. Ball State University.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Vivian J. Smart v. Ball State University Anchor | green | “not everything that makes an employee unhappy is an actionable adverse action.” | 56 |
| 2 | Trotter v. Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama | green | “for statements of discriminatory intent to constitute direct evidence of discrimination, they must be made by a person involved in the challenged decision.” | 10 |
| 3 | Vivian J. Smart v. Ball State University | green | “not everything that makes an employee unhappy” | 9 |
| 4 | Rice-Lamar v. City Of Fort Lauderdale | green | “the elements of a claim of race discrimination under 42 u.s.c. 1981 are also the same as a title vii disparate treatment claim in the employment context.” | 9 |
| 5 | Vivian J. Smart v. Ball State University | green | “not everything that makes an employee unhappy is an actionable adverse action,” | 8 |
| 6 | Wu v. Thomas | green | “in cases of discrimination proven by direct evidence, it is incorrect to rely on the mcdonnell douglas test because, while circumstantial evidence is used to create an inference of discrimination under mcdonnell douglas, no such inference is required in the case of direct eviden…” | 5 |
| 7 | Thigpen v. Bibb County, Georgia | green | “does not necessarily offend the equal protection clause,” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.