3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 12 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from The United States of America Ex Rel. Daniel G. O'Keefe v. McDonnell Douglas Corporation, the Conference of Chief Justices, Amicus Curiae.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The United States of America Ex Rel. Daniel G. O'Keefe v. McDonnell Douglas Corporation, the Conference of Chief Justices, Amicus Curiae Anchor | green | “agency actions beyond delegated authority are 'ultra vires,' and courts must invalidate them.” | 5 |
| 2 | Zavala v. Ridge | green | “because this back-ended approach effectively transforms a discretionary decision by the immigration judge to a mandatory detention imposed by dhs, it flouts the express intent of congress and is ultra vires to the statute.” | 4 |
| 3 | Zavala v. Ridge | green | “government detention violates the due process clause unless it is ordered in a criminal proceeding with adequate procedural safeguards, or in certain special and non-punitive circumstances 'where a special justification, . . . outweighs the individual's constitutionally protecte…” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.