4 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 101 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins Anchor | green | “because age and years of service are analytically distinct, an employer can take account of one while ignoring the other, and thus it is incorrect to say that a decision based on years of service is necessarily 'age based.” | 33 |
| 2 | Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins | green | “there is no disparate treatment under the adea when the factor motivating the employer is some feature other than the employee's age.” | 33 |
| 3 | Hazen Paper Co. v. Biggins | green | “it is the very essence of age discrimination for an older employee to be fired because the employer believes that productivity and competence decline with old age.” | 22 |
| 4 | International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement v. Johnson Controls, Inc. | green | “whether an employment practice involves disparate treatment through explicit facial discrimination does not depend on why the employer discriminates but rather on the explicit terms of the discrimination.” | 13 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.