4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 12 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Edwards v. Department of Transportation.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Edwards v. Department of Transportation Anchor | green | “whether speech is constitutionally protected is a question of law.” | 4 |
| 2 | Francom v. Costco Wholesale Corp. | green | “to establish a prima facie case for retaliation, a plaintiff must show that (1) he or she engaged in statutorily protected activity, (2) an adverse employment action was taken, and (3) there is a causal link between the employee's activity and the employer's adverse action.” | 4 |
| 3 | Francom v. Costco Wholesale Corp. | green | “(1) he or she engaged in statutorily protected activity, (2) an adverse employment action was taken, and (3) there is a causal link between the employee's activity and the employer's adverse action.” | 2 |
| 4 | Francom v. Costco Wholesale Corp. | green | “to establish a prima facie case for retaliation, a plaintiff must show that (1) he or she engaged in statutorily protected activity, (2) an adverse employment action was taken, and (3) there is a causal link between the employee's activity and the employer's adverse action.” | 2 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.