3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 12 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Commonwealth v. Helfant.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Commonwealth v. Helfant Anchor | green | “common scheme, pattern of operation, absence of accident or mistake, identity, intent, or motive.” | 6 |
| 2 | Commonwealth v. Helfant | green | “a common scheme, pattern of operation, absence of accident or mistake, identity, intent, or motive.” | 4 |
| 3 | Commonwealth v. Lally | green | “bad character or criminal propensity.” | 2 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.