2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 8 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Tuilaepa v. California.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tuilaepa v. California Anchor | green | “the aggravating circumstance may be contained in the definition of the crime or in a separate sentencing factor (or in both).” | 5 |
| 2 | Lowenfield v. Phelps | green | “the fact that the aggravating circumstance duplicated one of the elements of the crime does not make this sentence constitutionally infirm.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.