3 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 10 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Commonwealth v. Cotto.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Commonwealth v. Cotto Anchor | green | “so vague that persons of common intelligence must necessarily guess at its meaning and differ as to its application.” | 4 |
| 2 | Commonwealth v. Mayfield | green | “it may not be enforced against anyone until it is narrowed to reach only unprotected activity.” | 3 |
| 3 | Commonwealth v. Ickes | green | “court's first task is to determine whether the enactment reaches a substantial amount of constitutionally protected conduct.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.