2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 10 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Hoy v. Angelone.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hoy v. Angelone Anchor | green | “(1) the conduct of the defendant must be extreme and outrageous; (2) it must be intentional or reckless; (3) it must cause emotional distress; and (4) that distress must be severe.” | 5 |
| 2 | Regan v. Township of Lower Merion | green | “the conduct must be 'so extreme in nature as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency such that it would be regarded as utterly intolerable to civilized society.” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.