3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 9 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Gabel v. North Dakota Department of Transportation.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gabel v. North Dakota Department of Transportation Anchor | neutral | “is evaluated under an objective standard considering the totality of the circumstances.” | 4 |
| 2 | Zimmerman v. North Dakota Department of Transportation Director | green | “constitute prohibited conduct which provide officers with requisite suspicion for conducting investigatory stops.” | 3 |
| 3 | Zimmerman v. North Dakota Department of Transportation Director | green | “it is well settled, traffic violations, even if considered common or minor, constitute prohibited conduct which provide officers with requisite suspicion for conducting investigatory stops.” | 2 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.