3 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 9 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from State v. Klawonn.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | State v. Klawonn Anchor | green | “the word 'may' can mean 'shall,' but the word 'shall' does not mean 'may.” | 3 |
| 2 | In Re the Detention of Fowler | green | “the word 'shall' generally connotes a mandatory duty.” | 3 |
| 3 | Berent v. City of Iowa City | green | “the term 'shall' is mandatory.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.