2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 8 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Hershman v. Muhlenberg College.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hershman v. Muhlenberg College Anchor | green | “if the supreme court were to permit special relationship nied claims, i predict it would do so by adopting the narrow grounds announced by the lead justices in toney.” | 4 |
| 2 | MDB v. Punxsutawney Christian Sch. | green | “since toney, pennsylvania courts have only found certain doctor/patient relationships . . . and one between an adoption agency and adoptive parents to support such a claim, declining to extend liability any further.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.