2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 6 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Lorang v. Fortis Insurance.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lorang v. Fortis Insurance Anchor | green | “as with proof of the alleged utpa violation itself, proof of actual malice depends on what the insurer knew or disregarded when it considered the subject claim.” | 3 |
| 2 | Malcolm v. EVENFLO CO., INC. | green | “the defendant's state of mind represents a key element in determining whether a defendant acted with actual fraud or actual malice.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.