2 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 6 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Slavin v. Benson.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Slavin v. Benson Anchor | green | “the proposed change is clearly frivolous or advances a claim or defense that is clearly meritless.” | 3 |
| 2 | East River Savings Bank v. Secretary of Housing & Urban Development | green | “shall be freely given when justice so requires.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.