7 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 72 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Russo v. White.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Russo v. White Anchor | green | “so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community.” | 23 |
| 2 | Russo v. White | green | “liability arises only when the emotional distress is extreme, and only where the distress inflicted is so severe that no reasonable person could be expected to endure it.” | 16 |
| 3 | Russo v. White | green | “so severe that no reasonable person could be expected to endure it.” | 12 |
| 4 | Harris v. Kreutzer | green | “so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community.” | 9 |
| 5 | Almy v. Grisham | green | “so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community.” | 6 |
| 6 | Supervalu, Inc. v. Johnson | green | “1) the wrongdoer's conduct was intentional or reckless; 2) the conduct was outrageous or intolerable; 3) there was a causal connection between the wrongdoer's conduct and the resulting emotional distress; and 4) the resulting emotional distress was severe.” | 3 |
| 7 | Ruth v. Fletcher | green | “is aimed at limiting frivolous suits and avoiding litigation in situations where only bad manners and mere hurt feelings are involved.” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.