9 canonical passages across 6 cases, quoted by 69 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from People v. Nicodemus.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | People v. Nicodemus Anchor | green | “must determine whether the action taken was justified in its inception and at every subsequent stage of the encounter” | 18 |
| 2 | People v. De Bour | green | “founded suspicion that criminal activity was afoot” | 16 |
| 3 | People v. Nicodemus | green | “was justified in its inception and at every subsequent stage of the encounter” | 11 |
| 4 | People v. Nicodemus | green | “in evaluating police conduct, the court must determine whether the action taken was justified in its inception and at every subsequent stage of the encounter” | 6 |
| 5 | People v. Hollman | green | “founded suspicion that criminality was afoot,” | 5 |
| 6 | People v. Collins | green | “the testimony at the suppression hearing establishes that the police officer had an objective, credible reason for initially approaching defendant and requesting information from him” | 4 |
| 7 | People v. Coles | green | “we have no power to 'review issues either decided in appellant's favor, or not ruled upon, by the trial court” | 3 |
| 8 | People v. Bodak | green | “a common sanctuary for weapons” | 3 |
| 9 | People v. Collins | green | “an objective, credible reason for initially approaching defendant and requesting information from him” | 3 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.