5 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 64 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Ricardo Arredondo v. United States.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ricardo Arredondo v. United States Anchor | green | “cannot be accepted as true because they are contradicted by the record, inherently incredible, or conclusions rather than statements of fact.” | 27 |
| 2 | Thomas L. Ludwig v. United States | green | “not required to raise meritless arguments to avoid a charge of ineffective assistance of counsel.” | 14 |
| 3 | Jackie Humphress v. United States | green | “a petitioner must demonstrate the existence of an error of constitutional magnitude which had a substantial injurious effect or influence on the guilty plea or the jury's verdict.” | 9 |
| 4 | Dwight Bullard v. United States | green | “section 2255 does not provide relief for just any alleged error.” | 9 |
| 5 | Thomas L. Ludwig v. United States | green | “counsel was not required to raise meritless arguments to avoid a charge of ineffective assistance of counsel.” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.