5 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 50 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from United States v. Frank Williams, Jr..
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States v. Frank Williams, Jr. Anchor | green | “e must view the error, not in isolation, but in relation to the entire proceedings.” | 10 |
| 2 | United States v. James Lowery | green | “a nonconstitutional trial error is harmless unless it 'had substantial and injurious effect or influence in determining the jury's verdict.” | 10 |
| 3 | United States v. Javier Lopez Cantu | green | “personal knowledge can include inferences and opinions, so long as they are grounded in personal observation and experience.” | 10 |
| 4 | Ivrin Bolden, Jr. v. Warden, West Tennessee High Security Facility | green | “to determine the facts necessarily decided in first trial under the first step of the collateral estoppel analysis, must examine the elements of the statutes under which was charged.” | 10 |
| 5 | United States v. Abu Ali | green | “e have no authority to consider judgments made by the attorney general concerning the extent to which the information in issue here implicates national security.” | 10 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.