6 canonical passages across 5 cases, quoted by 61 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Tammy Cass v. City of Abilene.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tammy Cass v. City of Abilene Anchor | green | “qualified immunity protects government officials from civil liability in their individual capacity to the extent that their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights.” | 15 |
| 2 | Peggy Shumpert v. City of Tupelo, Mississip | green | “these steps may be considered in either order.” | 14 |
| 3 | Sonia Garcia v. Wesley Blevins | green | “qualified immunity protects government officials from civil liability in their individual capacity to the extent that their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights.” | 11 |
| 4 | Valle v. City of Houston | green | “(1) an official policy (or custom), of which (2) a policymaker can be charged with actual or constructive knowledge, and (3) a constitutional violation whose moving force is that policy or custom.” | 8 |
| 5 | Jacob Cooper v. Lynn Brown | green | “the burden shifts to the plaintiff to show that the defense is not available.” | 7 |
| 6 | Peggy Shumpert v. City of Tupelo, Mississip | green | “to defeat qualified immunity, a plaintiff must demonstrate that 'it would be clear to a reasonable officer that his conduct was unlawful in the situation he confronted.” | 6 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.