3 canonical passages across 2 cases, quoted by 61 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Rhonda R. Milligan v. The City of Newport News.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rhonda R. Milligan v. The City of Newport News Anchor | green | “be inferred merely from municipal inaction in the face of isolated constitutional deprivations by municipal employees.” | 26 |
| 2 | Jordan v. Jackson | green | “section 1983 plaintiffs seeking to impose liability on a municipality must . . . adequately plead and prove the existence of an official policy or custom that is fairly attributable to the municipality and that proximately caused the deprivation of their rights.” | 21 |
| 3 | Jordan v. Jackson | green | “the existence of an official policy or custom that is fairly attributable to the municipality and that proximately caused the deprivation of their rights.” | 14 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.