3 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 60 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Anna Mustafa v. City of Chicago.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anna Mustafa v. City of Chicago Anchor | green | “police officers have probable cause to arrest an individual when the facts and circumstances within their knowledge and of which they have reasonably trustworthy information are sufficient to warrant a prudent person in believing that the suspect had committed an offense.” | 28 |
| 2 | Eugene Bailey v. City of Chicago | green | “probable cause is an absolute defense to any claim under 1983 for wrongful arrest or false imprisonment.” | 23 |
| 3 | Whitlock v. Brown | green | “probable cause is a common-sense inquiry requiring only a probability of criminal activity; it exists whenever an officer or a court has enough information to warrant a prudent person to believe criminal conduct has occurred.” | 9 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.