4 canonical passages across 3 cases, quoted by 57 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Middleton v. McNeil.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Middleton v. McNeil Anchor | green | “not every ambiguity, inconsistency, or deficiency in a jury instruction rises to the level of a due process violation.” | 26 |
| 2 | United States v. Frega | green | “in reviewing jury instructions, the relevant inquiry is whether the instructions as a whole are misleading or inadequate to guide the jury's deliberation.” | 18 |
| 3 | United States v. Terrill Dixon | green | “a single instruction to a jury may not be judged in artificial isolation, but must be viewed in the context of the overall charge.” | 8 |
| 4 | United States v. Frega | green | “jury instructions, even if imperfect, are not a basis for overturning a conviction absent a showing that they prejudiced the defendant.” | 5 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.