6 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 54 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from S.K. v. North Allegheny School District.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | S.K. v. North Allegheny School District Anchor | green | “to establish a prima facie case of retaliation, a plaintiff must show: (1) that he or she engaged in protected activity under title ix; (2) defendant had knowledge of the protected activity; (3) adverse school-related action was taken against plaintiff; and (4) a causal connecti…” | 9 |
| 2 | Does v. Southeast Delco School District | green | “a high school student who is assigned to a teacher's class does not have the capacity to welcome that teacher's physical sexual conduct.” | 9 |
| 3 | Does v. Southeast Delco School District | green | “to show intent, title ix plaintiffs must show that an appropriate person was personally aware of facts demonstrating a real danger to his or her student body-and that he or she made 'an official decision ... not to remedy the violation.” | 9 |
| 4 | Goodwin v. Pennridge Sch. Dist. | green | “there was: (1) an 'identified deficiency' in training (2) caused by a deliberate indifference to their rights (3) that 'actually caused' the constitutional violation.” | 9 |
| 5 | Douglas v. Brookville Area School District | green | “a teacher engages in a prohibited form of 'discrimination' under title ix when he or she 'sexually harasses and abuses a student.” | 9 |
| 6 | Douglas v. Brookville Area School District | green | “only an individual with the 'authority to institute corrective measures' can be fairly characterized as an 'appropriate person' under gebser.” | 9 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.