6 canonical passages across 4 cases, quoted by 53 opinions in total. These passages cluster together because the same opinions keep quoting them side by side — they state parts of one doctrine. The anchor passage is from Nardone v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing.
| # | Case | Flag | Canonical passage | Citers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nardone v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing Anchor | green | “the question of whether a licensee refuses to submit to a chemical test is a legal one, based on the facts found by the trial court.” | 23 |
| 2 | Negovan v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing | green | “our standard of review in a license suspension case is to determine whether the factual findings of the trial court are supported by competent evidence and whether the trial court committed an error of law or an abuse of discretion.” | 11 |
| 3 | Park v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing | green | “a licensee's conduct may constitute a refusal.” | 5 |
| 4 | Nardone v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing | green | “overall conduct demonstrates an unwillingness to assent to an officer's request for chemical testing.” | 5 |
| 5 | Nardone v. Commonwealth, Department of Transportation, Bureau of Driver Licensing | green | “turns on a consideration of whether the licensee's overall conduct demonstrates an unwillingness to assent to an officer's request for chemical testing.” | 5 |
| 6 | A. Factor v. Bureau of Driver Licensing | green | “further, an explicit refusal is not required to find a licensee refused to consent to chemical testing; a licensee's conduct may constitute a refusal.” | 4 |
A red or yellow flag on a member means the underlying case has negative treatment — for those, check the case page before relying on the passage.